escribe four key features of a typical informed consent form you might use for such a study. Briefly explain why EACH of these features is important in YOUR proposed study on arachnophobia. Discuss each feature in four separate paragraphs and include details about your study.
PSY 212—Survey of Research Methods
Read the questions carefully. Just add (edit in) your answers to this document. For full credit, be sure to answer all parts of each question. Please try to provide well-organized and grammatically sound responses. You are advised to spell-check and proofread your answers. Reading them aloud is a great strategy!
You have lots of choice. Choose well! If a section of the exam offers choice (e.g., answer TWO of the FIVE questions) and you answer more than two questions (e.g., THREE questions), only the first two responses will be graded.
Section A: Essay Questions Section Total: 50 points (25 points/Essay)
You have choice on this section. There are FIVE essay questions listed below. CHOOSE TWO of the essay questions to answer. Each essay should be 1 to 1 ½ pages in length (double-spaced)—longer is OK, if you need it. Use paragraphs. Provide sufficient detail in your responses to demonstrate that you understand these course concepts. Be obvious in your responses. Read each question or scenario carefully and for full credit, be sure to answer all parts of each question.
There is a rising incidence of tuberculosis among homeless persons, intravenous drug users and prostitutes (male & female) in Honolulu, HI. Public health officials have offered to provide free treatment and other services to this needy population, yet few people have signed up. They have asked you to conduct a study to investigate why this population is distrustful of public health services. You decide to conduct a pilot survey study and head out onto the street to identify some of the sources or rationale for this distrust. To illustrate each of the THREE WAYS of KNOWING, creatively “make up” data for three individuals. Explain the ways of knowing and discuss each person and the characteristics of their thought processes for their decisions in separate paragraphs.
You wish to conduct a research study to investigate the effectiveness of a new therapeutic technique for the treatment of arachnophobia (fear of spiders). In one paragraph, briefly describe your study (i.e., research question and hypothesis, who your participants will be, and the study procedure)—just give enough information so there is some context for the part of this question that addresses your informed consent. Here is the important part of this essay: Describe four key features of a typical informed consent form you might use for such a study. Briefly explain why EACH of these features is important in YOUR proposed study on arachnophobia. Discuss each feature in four separate paragraphs and include details about your study.
You are a researcher who wishes to investigate the relationship between book selections (i.e., which books are borrowed from the library) and specific personal characteristics (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity, major, occupation, OR any other characteristics of interest to you). You will approach your potential participants at the counter where they sign out books at the Leeward CC Library.
Select FOUR different types of sampling approaches and explain in detail how you might use each type to draw a sample for your study. Include enough information so another researcher could replicate each sampling approach.
In addition, what will you say to each potential participant to attract them to your study? (Write four BRIEF scripts—one for each sampling approach.)
A professor plans to investigate whether student achievement is higher with online or traditional F2F instruction in PSY 212—Survey of Research Methods. She plans to use comparable instructional materials (textbook, readings, videos, exercises, etc.) for both sections. She plans to use grades on the same final exam as the dependent variable.
Identify FOUR potential confounding variables or sources of bias (threats to validity) in this study. Provide a good example to illustrate each source.
Explain HOW each might confound the study and what the professor could do to address them.
Describe five essential features of pseudoscience (from the Study Notes) or quackery (from the supplements/web links), using phrenology or subliminal self-help tapes as an example. Discuss each feature in a separate paragraph. Use detailed examples.
Section B: Short Answer Questions Section Total = 50 points
In the Section B: Short Answer Questions, there are THREE ITEMS. Be sure to follow the instructions and complete all of them. Each ITEM is on a separate page. The point value for each item is stated below, on each item.
Item #1: You have a choice on this item. Answer FIVE of the 9 questions listed below. Each question should be answered in about one paragraph. Be sure to answer all parts of the questions selected.
(Item #1 Total = 25 points, 5 points each)
Psychological scientists make the assumptions of determinism and discoverability. What do they mean by these terms and why do they consider them an essential part of their belief system? Illustrate each term with an example.
You wish to begin a research program to investigate the relationship between various driving distracters (possibilities include cell phones, radios, passengers, etc.) and driving problems (possibilities include poor driving, moving violations, accidents, road rage, etc.) among young drivers (i.e., ages 16-21). You plan to conduct several studies over a five-year period. Develop TWO DIFFERENT research questions. For each question, 1) identify which of the four GOALS OF RESEARCH in psychology it addresses and 2) categorize the type of research question, using Supplement—4B. Hint: Keep it simple.
Distinguish between random assignment and matching as techniques for creating equivalent groups. Why do experimenters try to create equivalent groups? Give examples of situations where each technique is more likely to be used.
Explain the difference between internal validity and external validity. Use an example to illustrate. In your opinion, which is more important to maximize in a study? Explain.
In ONE paragraph, discuss the major sections of an APA style paper, indicating what information you would expect to find in each section. Use just a sentence (or two) to describe each section.
Discuss the problem of experimenter bias and three approaches that can be taken to avoid this problem.
Discuss the problem of bias in volunteerism in research using human participants. How do volunteers and nonvolunteers differ? How might those differences affect the outcome of research? How can the problem of bias in volunteerism be reduced?
Discuss two advantages and two disadvantages of using animals as research subjects.
BRIEFLY discuss three historical events that led up to the adoption of the present APA code of ethics.
Item #2: Four between-subjects designs are described below. Select TWO of the four studies below and complete the table below. Answer in phrases/point form.
(Item #2 Total = 12 points, 1 point for your response in each cell of the table)
A psychology professor is trying to figure out whether student performance is higher in online courses or F2F courses. Since she is scheduled to teach one online section of PSY 212 and one F2F section of PSY 212 in the Fall 2019 semester (enrollment opened early and students already self-enrolled), she plans to compare their performance on the same take-home exams.
Three groups of preschoolers (25 per group, assigned randomly to groups) are in a study of task perseverance in which the size of the reward is varied. The children in all three groups are given a difficult puzzle and told to work on it as long as they would like. One group is told that as payment they will be given a Halloween-sized candy at the end of the session. The second group will get a regular-sized candy bar at the end of the session, and the third group will get a king-sized candy bar at the end of the session.
In an attempt to identify the personality characteristics of students who use social media in different ways, three groups of college students are identified—those who do not use social media, those who use social media occasionally, and those who use social media during every waking hour. They are given a personality test that identifies whether they have an outgoing personality or a shy personality.
To examine whether crowding affects problem-solving performance, an equal number of participants are placed in either a large or a small room while attempting to solve a set of word puzzles. Before assigning participants to the two conditions, the researcher takes a measure of their verbal intelligence to ensure that the group assignment process produces groups that are equivalent on verbal IQ.
Insert the letters of the TWO studies you have selected:
Study 1: _______
Study 2: _______
What type of design is used?
• Independent Groups (IG)
• Matched Groups (MG) or
• Non Equivalent Groups (NEQ)
What is the independent variable (IV)?
What are the levels of the independent variable (IV)?
Is the IV truly manipulated or a subject variable?
What is the dependent variable (DV)?
How could the dependent variable (DV) be measured?
Item #3: Choose ONE of the FOUR research problems listed below and answer the following questions based on that research problem. Use this question to demonstrate your knowledge about the between-subjects experimental design.
(Item #3 Total = 13 points)
You work at an outpatient clinic that treats people for depression. You have been asked to design an experiment that investigates which drug (i.e., Propranalol or Xanax) is most effective for treating anxiety among senior citizens. Your boss plans to provide new drug prescribing guidelines to the hospital’s physicians based on your findings.
You work in the training department of a national restaurant chain. Your company invests a lot in training new managers. Your…